CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the
writer discusses about: 1) research design, 2) population and sample, 3). the
instrument of data collection, 4). the technique of data collection and 5). The
technique of data analysis
3.1 Research
Design
An Experimental
Research can be defined as a research in which the experimenter manipulates the
object of research and prepare a class control to compare the result of
research. Arikunto (2002: 70).
The
method will use in this research is an experimental research, because the
researcher will investigate and analyze the data.
The
experiment designs commonly involve two or more group one of each the
experimental treatment and possibly a control group (Wieresman, 1983:100) so
that the researcher divided the group into:
·
Control group
·
Experiment group
Both
groups will be grouped "A" as the experimental group will treated
using the process approach and the "B" as the control group will
treated with conventional procedures. The design of the groupas follows:
The
pre-test and post-test design adopt from Arikunto (1991: 67)
Table 01. The
Designs of the Groups
|
Group
|
Pre-test
|
Independent
Variable
|
Post-test
|
|
A
B
|
T1
T1
|
X
-
|
T2
T2
|
Note
A : Experimental
Group
B : Control
Group
X : Treatment
by using textbook on students Reading Comprehension
T1 : Pre-test
T2 : Post-test
Both of those groups had equal time, equal test, equal right, and
different treatment that is concluded into three steps namely pre-test,
treatment, post-test. This will explain in technique of data collection.
3.2 Population and Sample
In this part, the
writer discusses about: 1) Population of the study and 2) Sample of the study.
3.2.1
Population
Arikunto
(2010: 172) State that population is the whole part of the research area. Or
population is a set (or collecting) of all element of one and more attributes
of interest. Furthermore, Arikunto (2010: 173) states that if the populations
are less than a hundred, it must be taken all and it is categorized as a
population research.
Population of the study was the whole from of class VII,
VIII, IX classes of the students of SMPN 1 Aikmel in academic year 2013/ 2014.
In this study, the population will encompass all students who were in the
students of SMPN 1 Aikmel.
The population of this investigation, writer takes the
whole students of VIII SMP 1 Aikmel
because they have enough knowledge and motivation in their study and their
reading ability is also good enough.
3.2.2
Sample
In determining the same of the study the writer
took what Arikunto (2010: 174) in suggested that sample is a part of
representative of population that is examine of investigated. The writer will
take the sample of study from 40 students which consists of experimental group
and control group furthermore, he also state that if the population less than
100, the whole number of the population must be taken. But, if the population
more than 100, it can be taken between 10-15%, 20-25% or more than it.
The
number of population of this study
|
No
|
Class
|
Total
Students
|
|
1
|
VIII
A
|
20
|
|
2
|
VIII
B
|
20
|
|
Total
|
40
|
|
If the
population < 100 (less than 100) the researcher subject and the researcher
did not take the sampling technique randomly because sample is a part of the
present of population (Arikunto, 2000:109) and that research the researcher
took the all population as the subject of research.
3.3 Data of
Research
3.3.1
Kinds and Source of Data
3.3.1.1
Kinds of Data
Data is something that
we got from some one and need analyze to get true information by
quantitative research or qualitative research that show the fact, in this
research we used quantitative research to get the result by the Effectiveness of Using Textbook on Students
Reading Comprehension Of SMPN 1 Aikmel In Academic Year 2014/2015, quantitative research
is near with the number and qualitative research is near with categories and
characteristic that we show from a questions.
3.3.1.2
Course of Data
Primary data is direct data from first data source in location of research
or research object. While Data sekunder is data which is beforehand collected by
researcher of exist in outside investigation. Data source used by data of
primary and sekunder, For the data of primary obtained from
enquette spreading and test to know the effect of Content Based Summarizing
Technique, data sekunder obtained from school party in the form of
data supporting research.
3.3.2
Method of Data Collection
The technique of
collecting data is the main step in doing a research, since the main purpose of
study is to get the data (Sugiyono, 2010).
The data obtained is deeply correlated to technique of collecting data.
Here is the technique of collecting data in this study:
3.3.2.1
Test
Test
is the instrument or the procedure to obtain the sample of learning output.
Arifudin (2007: 13) states that the test is a type of assessment which
specifically consists of several questions applied during a period of time,
that is, from the beginning to the end of learning activities which primarily
focuses on the comparison of learning achievement among learners. The test data
in this study is in the form of pre-test and post-test. Pre-test will give to
know the students’ initial ability in reading. Meanwhile, post-test is given
after all the treatment or learning process in the classroom to know the score
of experimental and control group.
3.4 Variable of Research
Variable is object research, or any kind of becoming attention of research.
(Arikunto, 2010: 161). Variable is trouble
becoming research or any kind of becoming research attention, that is:
3.4.1
Independent Variable (X)
That is variable
becoming change cause of incidence of variable dependent or trust (Sugiyono,
2010: 39). Free variable in this research is influence apply of Method Content
Based Summarizing Technique
3.4.2
Dependent Variable (Y)
That is variable which is influencing or becoming effect of, caused by free
variable (Sugiyono, 2010: 39). Variable trussed in this research is achievement
learn the competitor educated.
3.5 Analysis of
Data
In this
part, the researcher analyze the data after the data were collected, the
researcher processes the data by calculating the deviation between pre-test and
post-test.
As according to data
and title gathered from research, hence technique analysis performed within
this research is statistical analysis, the using of this technique aim to know
there is or inexistence influence of Effectiveness of Using Textbook on
Students Reading Comprehension.
Before
testing hypothesis, the researcher will get the students score of the
experiment and control group for the purpose the following formula is applied.
For the experimental group
MX = 
Where:
MX: the mean score of experimental group
X :
the deviation of score pre-test and post-test
M : total number of sample
For the control group
MY = 
Where:
MY: the mean score of control group
Y :
the deviation of score pre-test and post-test
M : total number of sample
4 Hypothesis Testing
The hypothesis must be formulated clearly,
hypothesis must indicate about the relation between two or more value, the
alternative hypothesis (Ha) must be changed in to null hypothesis Ha must be
changed in to Ho. Ho is tested hypothesis which is accepted defending on the
result.
In the testing the hypothesis of the current
study used t-test formula to compare the student’s ability in reading text, the
t-test formula as follows:
The formula as follow:
t= 
Where:
M :
Mean score of each group
N : Number of subject
X :
Deviation of X2 and X1
Y :
Deviation of Y2 and Y1 Arikunto, (2002:280-282)
Criteria
1. If t-test > t-table in p=0, 05.
Ho (null hypothesis) is rejected. It means that there is an effectiveness of
using textbook onstudents’ reading comprehension for eight grade of SMPN 1
Aikmel in academic years 2014/2015
2. If t-test <t-table in p= 0, 05.H0 is
accepted. It means that there is not effectiveness of using textbook on students’
reading comprehension for eight grade of SMPN 1 Aikmel in academic years
2014/2015.
1
Planning Of The
Study
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Description
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Months and Weeks
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Library Research
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Research Planning
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3
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Collecting the Data
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4
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Analyzing the Data
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5
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Proposal Arranging
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6
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Proposal Finishing
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